中文
Tekinoloje yobwezeretsanso mafuta imatanthawuza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuchotsa mafuta m'minda yamafuta.Kusintha kwaukadaulowu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwamakampani amafuta.M'kupita kwa nthawi, teknoloji yobwezeretsa mafuta yakhala ndi zatsopano zambiri zomwe sizinangowonjezera mphamvu zamafutam'zigawo koma zidakhudzanso kwambiri chilengedwe, chuma, ndi mfundo zamphamvu.
Pankhani yopanga ma hydrocarbon, kuchira kwamafuta ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe cholinga chake ndikuchotsa mafuta ndi gasi ochulukirapo momwe zingathere m'madamu odzaza ndi hydrocarbon.Pamene moyo wa chitsime cha mafuta ukupita patsogolo,ndikuchuluka kwa kupanga kumakhala kusintha.Pofuna kusunga ndi kukulitsa mphamvu yopangira chitsime, kukondoweza kowonjezera kwa mapangidwe kumafunika nthawi zambiri.Malingana ndi msinkhu wa chitsime,ndimapangidwe mapangidwe ndindindalama zoyendetsera ntchito, matekinoloje ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zosiyanasiyana.Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yaukadaulo wobwezeretsa mafuta: kuchira koyambirira kwamafuta, kuchira kwamafuta achiwiri, ndi kuchira kwamafuta apamwamba (omwe amadziwikanso kuti kuchira kwamafuta, EOR).
Kuchira koyambirira kwamafuta kumadalira kukakamiza kwa nkhokwe yakeyo kuyendetsa mafuta pachitsime.Kuthamanga kwa nkhokwe kutsika ndipo sikungathe kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta okwanira, kuyambiranso kwamafuta achiwiri kumayamba.Gawoli limakhudzanso kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ya posungira kudzera m'madzi kapena jekeseni wa gasi, motero kupitiriza kukankhira mafuta kumutu.Kubwezeretsa mafuta apamwamba, kapena kukonzanso mafuta, ndiukadaulo wovuta kwambiri womwe umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kutentha kapena jekeseni wa gasi kuti awonjezere kuchira kwamafuta.Matekinoloje awa amatha kusuntha bwino mafuta osakhazikika omwe atsala m'malo osungiramo, ndikupangitsa kuti mafuta azigwira bwino ntchito.
● Jekeseni wa gasi: Kubaya gasi m’nkhokwe ya mafuta kuti asinthe mphamvu ndi madzi a m’nkhokweyo, motero kumalimbikitsa kuyenda ndi kupanga mafuta osapsa.
● Jekeseni wa nthunzi: Amadziwikanso kuti mafuta otenthetsera mafuta, amatenthetsa nkhokwe mwa kubaya nthunzi yotentha kwambiri kuti achepetse kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta.Ndiwoyenera makamaka kukhathamiritsa kwambiri kapena posungira mafuta olemera.
● Jakisoni wamankhwala: Pobaya jekeseni wamankhwala (monga ma surfactants, ma polima ndi alkalis), mawonekedwe akuthupi ndi mankhwala amafuta osakanizidwa amatha kusinthidwa, potero kumapangitsa kuti mafuta asungunuke azisungunuka, kuchepetsa kukangana kwapakati komanso kuwongolera kuchira.
● CO2jakisoni: Iyi ndi njira yapadera ya jakisoni wa gasi yomwe, pobaya mpweya woipa, sikungochepetsa kukhuthala kwamafuta, komanso kuwongolera kuchira powonjezera kuthamanga kwa posungira ndikuchepetsa kuchulukitsitsa kwamafuta otsala.Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi ilinso ndi zabwino zina zachilengedwe chifukwa CO2akhoza sequestered mobisa.
● Ukadaulo wa Plasma Pulse: Iyi ndi njira yaukadaulo yaposachedwa kwambiri yomwe imapanga ma plasma amphamvu kwambiri kuti alimbikitse nkhokwe, kupanga ming'alu, kupangitsa kuti mafuta azitha kulowa bwino, motero amawonjezera kutuluka kwa mafuta osapsa.Ngakhale ukadaulo uwu ukadali muyeso woyeserera, ukuwonetsa kuthekera kowongolera kuchira mumitundu ina yosungiramo madzi.
Tekinoloje iliyonse ya EOR ili ndi mikhalidwe yake yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso kusanthula mtengo wa phindu, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri potengera momwe zinthu ziliri pamalo osungiramo zinthu, zomwe mafuta amafuta amafuta komanso zinthu zachuma.Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa EOR kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri phindu lazachuma la minda yamafuta ndikukulitsa moyo wopangira minda yamafuta, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitukuko chokhazikika chazinthu zamafuta padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku: 05 Jul 2024