中文
Mafuta ndi magazi omwe amayambitsa chitukuko cha zachuma. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, 60% ya mafuta ndi gasi omwe apezeka kumene ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Akuti 40% ya mafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi adzasungidwa m'madera akuya a nyanja mtsogolo. Ndi kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kwa mafuta ndi gasi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupita ku nyanja yakuya ndi nyanja yakutali, mtengo ndi chiopsezo choyika mapaipi obwerera mafuta ndi gasi akutali akukwera kwambiri. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndikumanga mafakitale opangira mafuta ndi gasi m'nyanja.-FPSO
1. Kodi FPSO ndi chiyani?
(1) Lingaliro
FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) ndi malo osungiramo ndi kutsitsa zinthu zoyandama m'nyanja.gawochipangizo chophatikiza kupanga, kusunga mafuta ndi kutsitsa.
(2) Kapangidwe
FPSO ili ndi magawo awiri: kapangidwe ka mbali za pamwamba ndi thupi.
Chipinda chapamwamba chimamaliza kukonza mafuta osakonzedwa, pomwe chivundikirocho chimakhala ndi udindo wosunga mafuta osakonzedwa oyenerera.
(3) Kugawa
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira, FPSO ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu:Malo Osungira Zinthu ZambirindiSinglePmafuta odzolaMkuwomba()SPM）
2.Makhalidwe a FPSO
(1) FPSO imalandira mafuta, gasi, madzi ndi zosakaniza zina kuchokera ku zitsime za mafuta a m'madzi kudzera mu payipi ya mafuta a m'madzi, kenako zosakanizazo zimakonzedwa kukhala mafuta osakonzedwa bwino ndi gasi wachilengedwe. Zinthu zoyenera zimasungidwa m'kabati, ndipo zikafika pamlingo winawake, zimanyamulidwa kupita kumtunda ndi sitima yapamadzi kudzera mu payipi ya mafuta ya m'madzi.njira yonyamulira mafuta osakonzedwa.
(2) Ubwino wa dongosolo la chitukuko chophatikiza "FPSO+pulatifomu yopanga/subsea production system+shuttle tanker":
●Kutha kusunga mafuta, gasi, madzi, kupanga ndi kukonza mafuta komanso mafuta osakonzedwa n'kolimba kwambiri.
●Kutha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kuti muyende mwachangu
●Imagwira ntchito pa nyanja zosaya komanso zakuya, zomwe zimalimbana ndi mphepo yamphamvu komanso mafunde.
●Kugwiritsa ntchito kosinthasintha, sikuti kungagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi nsanja zakunja kokha, komanso kungagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi makina opangira pansi pa madzi
3. Ndondomeko yokhazikika ya FPSO
Pakadali pano, njira zolumikizirana za FPSO zagawidwa m'magulu awiri:Malo Osungira Zinthu ZambirindiSinglePmafuta odzolaMkuwomba()SPM）
Themalo omangira zinthu zambiridongosolo limakonza FPSO ndima hawserkudzera m'malo angapo okhazikika, zomwe zingalepheretse kuyenda kwa FPSO mbali ina. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri m'madera a m'nyanja omwe ali ndi nyengo yabwino ya m'nyanja.
Themalo omangira malo amodzi()SPM）dongosololi ndi lokhazikitsa FPSO pamalo amodzi omangirira panyanja. Mothandizidwa ndi mphepo, mafunde ndi mafunde, FPSO idzazungulira 360° mozungulira imodzi-malo omangira (point mooring)SPM(a), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya mafunde pa chombocho. Pakadali pano, chimodzi-malo omangira (point mooring)SPMNjirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Tsiku: 03 Marichi 2023