中文
A single point mooring (SPM) ndi buoy/pier yokhazikika panyanja kuti izitha kunyamula katundu wamadzimadzi monga mafuta amafuta onyamula matanki.Kumangirira nsonga imodzi kumapangitsa tanki kuti ifike poyimitsa utawo, kuilola kuti igwedezeke momasuka mozungulira pamenepo, kuchepetsa mphamvu zobwera chifukwa cha mphepo, mafunde ndi mafunde.SPM imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo opanda malo operekera katundu wamadzimadzi.Malo awa a single point mooring (SPM) alipomailosikutali ndi zida zakumtunda, gwirizanitsanindimapaipi amafuta apansi pa nyanja, ndipo amatha kuyika zombo zazikulu monga VLCC.
Zithunzi za CDSRmasamba mafutaamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu SPM system.Dongosolo la SPM limaphatikizapo catenary anchor leg mooring system (CALM), single anchor leg mooring system (SALM) ndi turret mooring system..
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring System (CALM)
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Single Buoy Mooring (SBM), ndi njira yotsegulira ndi kutsitsa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyatsira matanki amafuta komanso ngati kulumikizana pakati pa payipi yomaliza (PLEM) ndi tanker.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi osaya komanso akuya kunyamula mafuta osakhwima ndi mafuta otuluka kuchokera kuminda yamafuta kapena malo oyenga.
CALM ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri wa single point mooring system, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri kunyamula katundu, ndipo imalepheretsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphepo ndi mafunde pamakina, omwenso ndi amodzi mwamakhalidwe akulu a single point mooring system.Ubwino waukulu wa CALM ndikuti ndi yosavuta kupanga, yosavuta kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa.
Single anchor leg mooring system (SALM)
SALM ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yachikhalidwe cha single point mooring.Buoy yolumikizira imakhazikika pansi pa nyanja ndi mwendo wa nangulandi kulumikizidwa kumunsi ndi unyolo umodzi kapena chingwe cha chitoliro, ndipo madzimadzi amatengedwa kuchokera pansi pamtunda wa nyanja mwachindunji kupita ku sitimayo kudzera m'mapaipi, kapena kutumizidwa ku sitimayo ndi cholumikizira chozungulira pansi.Chipangizo cholumikizirachi ndi choyenera kumadera onse amadzi osaya komanso madera amadzi akuya.Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi akuya, kumapeto kwa unyolo wa nangula kumafunika kulumikizidwa ndi gawo la chokwera ndi payipi yamafuta mkati, pamwamba pa chokweracho chimangiriridwa ndi unyolo wa nangula, pansi pa chokweracho chimangiriridwa pamadzi. pansi panyanja, ndipo chokweracho chimatha kusuntha 360 °.
Turret mooring system
Dongosolo la turret mooring system limapangidwa ndi chingwe chokhazikika cha turret chogwiridwa ndi chotengera chamkati kapena chakunja kudzera munjira yonyamula.Mzere wa turret umatetezedwa kunyanja ndi (catenary) miyendo ya nangula yomwe imathandiza kusunga chombocho mkati mwa malire opangira maulendo.Izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kotetezeka kwa subsea fluid transfer kapena riser system kuchokera kunyanja kupita ku turret.Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zambiri zowotchera, makina oyendetsa ma turret amapereka maubwino otsatirawa: (1) dongosolo losavuta;(2) Zosakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi mphepo ndi mafunde, zoyenerera m'mikhalidwe yovuta ya nyanja;(3) oyenera madera a nyanja okhala ndi kuya kosiyanasiyana;(4) Zabwerandikuthamangitsidwa mwachangu ndikachiwirikulumikizanantchito, yomwe ndi yabwino kukonza.
Tsiku: 03 Apr 2023